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Weekend reading

Some good reads from around the Web.

Faithful Monevator readers (hello mum!) might have noticed we’ve been a little slow on articles over the past couple of weeks.

Like an evil genius whose wayward robot has lain waste to Manhattan, I can only point to ‘technical difficulties’.

The site gummed up last week, to the extent that it actually fell over on Monday. I’ve therefore spent a couple of days fiddling behind the scenes to fix your favourite blog about money and investing (or at least the only one to draw parallels between Star Wars and saving).

Having bored myself to tears with this technical faff, I won’t do the same to you by explaining how you’ll now benefit from a faster, more reliable Monevator.

I would ask you though to please point out any bugs you see, as doubtless I’ve forgotten some legacy issues. (On that note, I know a test post was emailed out yesterday. Apologies!)

My read of the week

You might fill the void we left in your recent reading schedule by ploughing through the latest letter from my favourite down-to-earth hedge fund manager, Jeremy Grantham (it’s a PDF).

His latest quarterly update to shareholders is sometimes a heavy-going read, but it’s worth persevering with for insights into stock market volatility and the money management business.

Grantham writes:

The central truth of the investment business is that investment behavior is driven by career risk

In the professional investment business we are all agents, managing other peoples’ money.

The prime directive, as Keynes knew so well, is first and last to keep your job. To do this, he explained that you must never, ever be wrong on your own. To prevent this calamity, professional investors pay ruthless attention to what other investors in general are doing.

The great majority “go with the flow,” either completely or partially. This creates herding, or momentum, which drives prices far above or far below fair price. There are many other inefficiencies in market pricing, but this is by far the largest.

It explains the discrepancy between a remarkably volatile stock market and a remarkably stable GDP growth, together with an equally stable growth in “fair value” for the stock market.

This difference is massive – two-thirds of the time annual GDP growth and annual change in the fair value of the market is within plus or minus a tiny 1% of its long-term trend.

While I’ve long admired Grantham’s writing, I don’t have any particular view on his funds. Passive investing in simple index-tracking portfolios will do the job for most of us.

Unlike certain Monevator readers, however, I am not so scathing about the insights offered by the better active fund managers – especially if, like me, you do a bit of stock picking yourself.

Many of these people are extremely smart. However they find it hard to get an edge on their equally smart competitors, and so after fees they fail to beat index trackers.

As Grantham explains, if fund management is your job then it’s better not to even try to be best, if it’s at the risk of being worse than average.

[continue reading…]

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Spring cleaning our passive investing HQ

Our passive investing HQ has had a mini makeover.

Over the weekend we updated our passive investing nerve centre with some fresh links and a new introduction, which is reproduced below. We hope you like what we’ve done with the place!

Are you after an investment strategy that’s simple to understand, easy to implement, and gives you a good crack at beating the average fund manager over the long term?

Then passive investing could well be for you.

Welcome to our passive investing guide for UK investors. Our mission: to explain what you need to know about passive investing and how to do it.

Why passively invest?

With passive investing, you don’t worry about what the price of gold is doing this week. Nor do you spend days buried in company reports trying to evaluate stocks.

There’s no need to time the market, pick winning companies, or convince yourself that you have the special powers required to beat other investors – especially since the vast army of superbly equipped professionals you’re up against can’t reliably outperform, either.

As a passive investor, you refuse to play The City’s game.

Instead you use low-cost funds called index trackers to reap the market’s return and get rich slowly.

We’re fans of passive investing because:

  • There’s a mountain of evidence showing passive investing is a superior strategy compared to believing the latest hot fund manager or investment scheme will smash the market.
  • It can save you from costly mistakes in the pursuit of fatter returns.
  • It’s as simple as investing gets. You need no more than half a dozen funds in a portfolio to spread your money across the key asset classes. You can even get by with just two funds.

Does this all sound too good to be true? Rest assured this isn’t some bizarre offshore saving scheme or whatnot.

Passive investing is increasingly the first choice of savvy investors, with net sales of tracker funds in the UK reaching a record £1.9 billion in 2011 according to figures recently cited by Which.

That brings the total held in tracker funds by UK investors to £39 billion!

The passive investing mindset

But passive investing isn’t just about the types of funds you buy. We think it’s also about how you approach the whole business of achieving your long-term financial goals.

By accepting that successful investing is a long-term pursuit, you mentally equip yourself to cope with the horrendous market crashes that will occur from time to time.

You also come to realise that a diversified portfolio is your best chance of reaching your goals.

Passive investing offers all this and it’s a strategy you can easily manage yourself for only a small investment in time. It enables you to sidestep the ruinous conflicts of interest that riddle the financial services industry, then leaves you to get on with the rest of your life.

Sure, passive investing requires some upfront research to understand. And that’s what the passive investing section of Monevator is dedicated to helping you with.

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Weekend reading: Saving your future lifestyle

Weekend reading

Good reads from around the Web.

You might think that as an inveterate saver and blogger about investing, I find it easy to picture the grumpy old codger I am putting so much of my money aside for.

But in reality, I can’t picture myself as an old man any more than I can really remember being an 8-year old.

Saving for me is an instinct, not a vision. While other cavemen were feasting on wooly mammoths and toasting the gods and their good fortune, my ancestors were quietly hoarding discarded scraps of mammoth fur. (We made a killing in the Great Cold Snap of 12,000 B.C., I don’t mind admitting).

So I enjoyed Be Kind to An Old Person on the Psy-Fi blog this week as much as the hedonist next door would, if only he could shake off his hangover.

Author Timmar writes:

The basic appeal [of saving] is to self-interest – because we’re talking about making a sacrifice for ourselves now in order to be much better off in the future – and this has led a couple of laterally thinking researchers to wonder whether we actually think of our future selves not as ourselves but as another person.

After all, that person I’m going to be in twenty years time is pretty hard to imagine; why the heck am I going to do anything for that stranger?

Besides short changing the stranger we’ll become, we’re also bad at the maths of compound interest that make setting aside money for 2030 that bit easier, too. Our brains add up in linear terms, whereas compound interest works exponentially.

[continue reading…]

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Lazy investing with HSBC’s World Index Portfolio

The last word in passive investing has to be an index tracking fund of funds. Prise the lid off one of these la-Z-Boys and you’ll find a portfolio of index trackers nestling inside like a Russian doll.

This means you can buy just one low-cost fund and – hey presto – instant diversification across all the major asset classes. Meanwhile, all those bothersome asset allocation and rebalancing decisions are automatically taken care of by someone else.

It’s a complete meal solution delivered by intravenous drip. Once you’ve set up the direct debit you barely need to remain conscious to manage it.

If that sounds like your thing, then we’ve previously recommended Vanguard’s excellent LifeStrategy fund of funds range. But since then HSBC has waded in with its rival World Index Portfolio offering.

Choices? Sounds like the kind of work a lazy investor can do without. So let Monevator do the hard yards for you…

A fund of funds - passive investing style

Snooze wisely

HSBC offer three excitingly passive fund of fund varieties:

Fund name Equity/Bonds & Cash TER
World Index Cautious Portfolio C 25:75 0.57%
World Index Balanced Portfolio C 60:40 0.59%
World Index Dynamic Portfolio C 80:20 0.64%

As you’d expect, the sliding scale of equity to fixed income and cash aims to hitch investors up with a fund to match their risk tolerance and growth expectations.

For example, if the violent bucking of the stockmarket makes you feel sick like a rollercoaster ride, then the Cautious fund is most likely to be your bag.

To be frank, this kind generic approach will probably fit you about as well as shoes that come in small, medium, or large, but it is standard practice.

More eye-catching are those bloated Total Expense Ratios (TER). They’re far higher than Vanguard’s. Even the fact that there are no upfront charges or dealing fees for the World Index Portfolios doesn’t seal the deal for HSBC, unless your contributions are very small and your time horizon is very short.

Coma coma coma chameleon

So does the HSBC fund of funds work harder for its higher TER?

Well, it certainly offers more elaborate asset allocation. Unlike Vanguard, the World Index has fingers in the property and commodity pies, not to mention foreign and high-yield bonds.

The fixed income allocation for the World Index Balanced Portfolio breaks down like this:

Asset Class Allocation
UK Gilt 13.9%
UK Inflation Linked Bond 1%
US Bond (hedged) 6.4%
Global Corporate Bond (hedged) 4.4%
Global High Yield Bond 3.1%
Emerging Market Debt 3.3%
Cash 4.7%

Personally, I prefer much more inflation protection in my fixed income allocation. The 1% in UK inflation linked bonds is a token at best.

I also expect my bonds to provide my portfolio with stability, so I’m happy to live without the risk of corporate bonds, emerging market debt, and high-yield junk – even if that means lower overall returns.

The equity, property and commodity divvy-up looks like this:

Asset Class Allocation
Global Equity (hedged) 1.1%
US Equity (hedged) 12.3%
Europe Equity (hedged) 10.9%
UK Equity 12.2%
Japan Equity (hedged) 6.3%
Asia Pacific ex Japan Equity (hedged) 3.4%
Emerging Market Equity 9%
Property 3.7%
Commodities 4.3%

I’d think twice about bearing the extra expense of the World Index Portfolio funds just to get the sliver of property and commodities on offer here. The extra diversification isn’t going to make much difference when each asset class is worth less than 5% of the overall portfolio.

US equity holdings are also pretty low in comparison to a global total market portfolio that would devote more like 50% to the American economy. By contrast, the Emerging Market tilt is fashionably high.

Of course, I’m the kind of investor that wants control over my own asset allocation, whereas a fund of funds is designed for people who keel over at the very thought.

But I don’t think the ornamentation of the World Index Portfolios is worth the expense, unless brochure talk about “in-house quant-based optimisation processes” helps you sleep at night.

It’s also interesting to note that even HSBC confesses: “The finessing of a multi-asset allocation model is as much an art as it is a science.”

Amen.

Crude awakening

The contents of a World Index Portfolio are mostly the regular HSBC index funds and ETFs that you can buy as separates, if you’re more active than a Koala who’s given up Eucalyptus leaves for Lent.

HSBC will also use other firms’ products to cover certain asset classes – e.g. there’s a Lyxor commodities ETF in the mix.

Other noteworthy features include:

  • Asset allocations are reviewed annually, so watch out for any changes you’re not comfortable with.
  • The cruder risk tolerance choice makes the World Index funds harder to lifestyle than Vanguard’s LifeStrategy funds.
  • The Balanced Portfolio fund size has nearly halved from an opening £5 million to £2.67 million in five months. Not a great sign. Vanguard’s equivalent LifeStrategy 60% Equity fund sits around £8 million.
  • The funds are not UCITS products, they are Non-UCITS Retail Schemes (NURS). This enables them to invest in property and commodities and unapproved securities (up to 20% of the fund’s value) among other things.
  • HSBC mentions that the fund’s can invest in private equity although it won’t dabble in hedge funds.

Time for bed

The big problem I have with the World Index Portfolios is the lack of a published index to benchmark them against.

The whole point of passive investing is to gain the market’s return by using low-cost index funds. If you don’t know what index your fund is meant to track, then you have no sound way of judging its performance.

For my money, HSBC’s World Index fund of funds is over-elaborate, expensive and, too opaque in comparison to its Vanguard rival. Fail.

Take it steady,

The Accumulator

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