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What’s your financial origin story?

It’s not normal to care about finances as much as we do. As a Monevator reader, you pay unusually close attention to your financial affairs. You’ve probably put a great deal of thought into building a wealth-generation engine that’s designed to secure the future for you and your family.

That’s not standard behaviour. The average bear doesn’t really care.

So what happened to you? What put you on the financial path you’re on now?

  • A shock to the system?
  • Your upbringing?
  • Complete luck?

What makes you different?

In my case I wasn’t different at all. Until the eve of the Great Recession, I was much like everybody else – a free-spending, live-for-the-moment, zero-savings kind of a guy.

I had no pension. I had an interest-only mortgage I wasn’t paying off. I had a ridiculous car that ate money.

I was dimly aware that something wasn’t right. Neither with the world, nor with my world.

One day a financially savvy acquaintance of mine said:

“The party is over.”

“This is a party?” I replied.

Reality dawned on T.S.H.T.F. Day at work in October 2008.

Plugs were pulled. Projects terminated. I was in a meeting with our main client when they got a call to turn off the taps.

We stopped hiring. We let people go. My inbox started to fill up with CVs from ridiculously overqualified people looking for refuge.

It was like the second act of a horror movie. We’d all been camping by the side of a beautiful lake. Now night had fallen and some maniac was taking a meat-cleaver to my compadres.

The world hasn’t been the same since, and neither have I.

Born again

My new religion was to save like Grandma.

Ditch that car. Pay off that mortgage. Slash outgoings. Crank up the pension. Learn about the stock market.

Like a balloonist heading for a mountain, I chucked the sandbags of my old lifestyle overboard.

Fewer people were needed in the post-2008 recession world. There weren’t other jobs to go to.

I needed to become one of the ‘invaluable ones’.

  • Flexible like a yogi.
  • Better value than Lidl.
  • As diplomatic as a pair of breeding pandas.
  • Harder working than, well, my competition.

I changed my clothes, I changed my hair, I changed my attitude.

I wasn’t getting any younger and digital disruption was spreading through my industry like ash dieback ((A virulent disease of ash trees. It is caused by a fungus, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus.)). It was adapt or die time.

I used the early hours of the morning to learn new skills. I did online courses. I force-fed myself audiobooks on key topics. I took up a side hustle that helped me learn more about digital media. (Hello Monevator!) The last one also helped further my investing education.

A line-manager said, “If this place goes down, you’ll be one of the last ones left who has to switch off the lights.”

More was needed:

  • 2008 taught me the sky can fall in very fast.
  • Time felt short in a declining industry.
  • Redundancies hit the company like waves, throwing people overboard.

My thirties were peeling off the calendar and there was a scrum at the door for upper management. Not everyone was going to get in.

I had childhood memories of an earlier recession – the early 1980s in the north-east. I was left with an afterburn image of a friend’s dad, on the scrapheap in his mid-forties.

Plus a reverse role-model in an old boss. Once brilliant and at the heart of everything. He’d grown complacent. He’d become expensive. He refused to learn new tricks. He didn’t think it could happen to him until it did.

Others were plain unlucky:

  • Edged out in political battles.
  • Not enough allies at the decisive moment.
  • Skills unrecognised by senior management. 
  • Simply cheaper to dispense with.

I met plenty of former high-flyers who couldn’t gain purchase at their old level anymore. 

Escape velocity

Financial independence was the answer. It wouldn’t matter if I was knocked off the three-dimensional corporate chessboard if I was playing a different game.

If I moved hard and fast enough then I could afford to be unlucky, ill, or old – the kind of hand that gets dealt to ‘other people’.

You can boil the shockingly simple math behind early retirement down to:

A high savings rate + index trackers + time

The other 90% of the story is mindset. ((Assuming you’re not among the top 2% or so of earners.))

Without money to burn, the only way you’re going to achieve financial independence in a decade or so is by giving things up.

Here’s what I haven’t missed:

  • Believing that money equals happiness.
  • Tying self-worth to money.
  • High-status items: big house, flashy car, exotic holidays, big-boys toys. Anything where you’re paying over the odds to join the club.
  • Sky-high expectations: the notion that your job should be high-paying and fulfilling, you should regularly score promotions, your family life should be perfect, you should feel happy and confident most of the time.
  • Taking setbacks personally. It’s not the setback that defines you, it’s how you respond.
  • Resentment, envy, revenge, and self-pity.

The mental side is an ongoing battle for me, but the more progress I make, the healthier and more resilient I feel. Whoever came up with the dictum that ‘Happiness = Reality minus Expectations’ is a genius.

I did it my way. What about you?

My journey began on the eve of a global financial crisis. The shock changed me for life.

The biggest revelation I had was that once I was on the right path, the financial side could mostly take care of itself.

The vast majority of the effort needed lay in developing the mental toolkit to survive at work and improve well-being, while waiting for my financial independence day.

But what about you? How did you find your way here?

I love to hear about Monevator readers’ financial-life experiences and motivations, so please let us know in the comments whatever you’re happy to share.

Take it steady,

The Accumulator

P.S. I enjoyed the Swiss Cheese mental model that The Investor linked to in Weekend Reading.

The idea is to prevent disaster by shielding behind multiple layers of defence. The framework also shows how threats can defeat a system by sailing clean through holes that are carelessly aligned rather than mutually covered.

Here’s my Swiss Cheese Defence for my journey to FI:

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Weekend reading: Stocking up on investing wisdom

Weekend reading: Stocking up on investing wisdom post image

What caught my eye this week.

Let’s be honest, if there was ever a year for spending foolishly on ephemeral nonsense at Christmas, it’s 2020.

Traditionally this is the time of the year when we at Monevator flag up some good money and investing related books to buy for Christmas.

The idea is you give the gift of financial savviness to a special person in your life, instead of a pair of socks.

After that, who knows?

Maybe in ten years they’ll come over to tell you they’ve achieved financial independence like my co-blogger The Accumulator did a few months ago.

Buy yourself something nice

However all that seems rather worthy this particular December.

Scurrying through the plague-lands, masked-up and fearfully visiting aged relatives – or younger potential carriers – for a few festive days that seem destined to spike the infection rate, just ahead of the Great British Brexit belly flop…

Who wouldn’t want to indulge instead?

So if you want to treat yourself to the latest Apple Watch, a bottle of Chanel No 5, or an inflatable french maid, you get a pass this year.

Just don’t go into debt to do it!

Best money and investing books for Christmas

Still with us on the straight and narrow? Then here’s a few old and new books to consider giving this Christmas.

The Psychology of Money

We’ve been reading and linking to Morgan Housel’s articles for a decade so we knew his first book would be a classic. If you’ve ever wondered why some people do dumb stuff with money – while others effortlessly make great decisions – then this is a must-read. Better yet, give it to one of the former. You might just turn them into one of the latter.

Investing Demystified

The second edition of Lars Kroijer’s guide to passive investing in tracker funds came out on 2017, and it’s still winning lots of fans. A frequent contributor to Monevator over the years, ex-hedge fund manager Kroijer convincingly explains why most of us don’t have an edge in the markets – and then explains why that doesn’t matter when you invest in global index funds and risk-free bonds.

The Man Who Solved The Market

Gregory Zuckerman’s diligent journalism pulls back the curtain (a bit) on Renaissance Capital, the most mysterious market-smashing hedge fund of all-time. The book got good reviews and was short-listed for several awards, but I was disappointed to be honest. I didn’t expect revelatory investing secrets, but I’d hoped for more than a catalogue of job hirings and firings. Okay, that’s too harsh, and as I say, others raved. Consider it for that investing nerd in your life.

More Money than God

I think this older book (2011) is a better primer on hedge funds. Sebastian Malby mostly devotes each chapter to a different fund’s time in the sun, so no particular characters outstay their welcome. It’s a good way to understand how – fleetingly – various people have found ways to achieve truly outsized returns from investing.

Smarter Investing

Even this third edition is pretty old now (2013) but Tim Hale’s Smarter Investing is still my co-blogger’s top recommendation for passive investors. He even reviewed it on Monevator, so take a gander at that if you want to learn more before buying for your mum, dad, great Aunt, or wayward nephew. (Controversy alert: the book didn’t click for me. But then I long ago went rogue!)

You Can Be A Stock Market Genius

Despite being published 20 years ago, Joel Greenblatt’s primer on how he got annualized returns of 50% is still my best recommendation for that naughty active investor in your life. Almost everything specific in this book is out-of-date, and it’s more relevant for the American market, too. Doesn’t matter. What this book might just give a reader is the right mindset to beat the market. (Still a long shot, of course!)

The Snowball

Another oldie (2009), I’ve given this book to a couple of people who couldn’t care less about investing but were curious about Warren Buffett. To my astonishment, they enjoyed most of its 832 pages. Buffett himself didn’t, apparently, which is probably an endorsement, if you believe biographies should be warts and all.

The Art of Execution

I’ve read several dozen money and investing books over the years, so this idiosyncratic list could go on indefinitely. Few stick in the mind though. Lee Freeman-Shor’s survey of how some of the world’s best investors managed their portfolios is a rare exception. Only the other day I heard a clued-up investing pundit complain there are no books that talk about when to sell shares. Well, this overlooked classic does, and much else. Still, it’s one for committed stock pickers only.

Reading through the list, I see they’re mostly devoted to investing rather than personal finance. Maybe I’m forgetting something obvious, but it feels like a long time since a primer like Your Money or Your Life made waves.

Perhaps that’s what the second Monevator book should be all about? (For those who have kindly inquired, the first was 95% finished a year ago. The delays since have been mostly down to me. We now hope to have it out in the first half of 2021…)

Finally if you’ve had enough of money and the markets for now, check out Bill Gates’ top five books of 2020.

Have a great weekend, and see you next week for our final posts of year.

[continue reading…]

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Don’t waste money buying expensive gifts

Expensive gifts aren’t usually worth the money

Bad news: When your partner, friend, or sister says “You really shouldn’t have” on opening that expensive gift – they mean it.

You could have shopped smarter and saved your money instead.

Academics at the Stanford Graduate School of Business ((Research findings from: Money Can’t Buy Love: Asymmetric Beliefs about Gift Price and Feelings of Appreciation – Francis J. Flynn and Gabrielle S. Adams, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.)) showed that:

  • Most gift givers assume an expensive present is better appreciated…
  • …but in reality, gift receivers don’t appreciate expensive presents much more

It seems it really is the thought that counts.

Hey big spender!

Years ago, when I was the first of my siblings to get a higher income, I spent far too much money on Christmas presents.

Nothing that would turn the head of a Kardashian, mind.

Maybe a multi-piece Le Creuset set for the kitchen for my mum whereas before I’d have bought her a cookery book, or some fancy Bosch power tools instead of a Spear & Jackson spade for my dad.

But now I’m back on the good – cheaper – stuff.

That might sound like I’m simply older and meaner.

But the issue wasn’t just that my more expensive presents weren’t really any better appreciated, or that I was miffed when I got a novelty t-shirt back. (Although, shamed, I’ll concede I was miffed).

The trouble was I bought bad presents just because they had more bling.

I was hiding my 20-something insecurities behind a price tag.

Worst of all, my sister told me she felt my gifts made all her presents seem cheap.

Which wasn’t exactly the gift I was trying to give!

Or even if it was (subconsciously, because, again, I was young and silly) it shouldn’t have been.

What matters when you give a present?

Happily we all grow up, and if we pay attention along the way we might even learn something.

Eventually I saw what really mattered to my family was whether we felt like we’d been thought of – and understood – when the gift was chosen.

One of my sisters also went through an ‘expensive presents with a new job’ phase. But now we’ve settled down to giving smaller, more personal presents, which we can all afford, and that we’re usually pretty happy to receive.

Not before time, too, after nephews and nieces entered the gift-buying equation. (Although honestly, I’d much rather invest for them than contribute more plastic tat to landfill.)

Anyway, my family’s experience mirrors what academic researchers long ago discovered. More money spent generally does not equal more happiness.

How convenient!

1: Expensive engagement rings aren’t worth it

In one study, Stanford researchers looked at engagement rings – a one-off big ticket item where you might expect extra expenditure to pay dividends.

But the academics found:

  • Men consistently thought their rings were more appreciated by their fiancées the more expensive they were.
  • Fiancées did not rate themselves as any more appreciative if the rings were more costly.

This doesn’t really surprise me.

While there’s a lot of marketing pressure on young romantics to prove their love at the jewelry store, the fact you’re asking someone to marry you is about as big a statement you can make.

2: More expensive birthday gifts aren’t more appreciated

In the second study, the Stanford researchers asked participants to think about a recent birthday gift:

Participants described a variety of gifts, including T-shirts, jewelry, wine, books, and home decor items.

Again, those who were givers expected that more expensive gifts would make the recipients feel significantly higher levels of appreciation.

In contrast, the recipients said they did not feel greater appreciation levels for gifts that had cost more.

Fact: It’s just not worth spending that extra chunk of cash. Researchers found givers would spend $100 on gifts that receivers would only pay $80 for. The excess $20 is a ‘deadweight loss’ in economic terms.

Now you know why those Christmas hampers are so overpriced.

If you see something someone would love that costs a little bit more and you can easily afford it, then by all means buy it.

Otherwise, this study is a green-light to cut 20% off your gift budget.

3. Straight-up more expensive gifts aren’t necessarily more appreciated

The research behind this article is a few years old now, as shown by the final strand of the Stanford study:

In the third study, participants were asked to think about giving or receiving either a CD or an iPod as a graduation present.

Once again, those who were randomly assigned to be ‘givers’ thought by giving the more expensive iPod their present would be appreciated more in contrast to the CD.

The ‘receivers’ rated no difference in appreciation levels, regardless of which item they were told to think about getting.

I doubt anyone would much appreciate getting a CD in 2020! Even an iPod is a bit passé in the iPhone era.

Also, this study was based on people imagining how they’d feel. Most of us would like to think we’re virtuous souls and not particularly materialistic. Reality may vary!

But if you are going to bring imagination into your giving, then one tip is for you to imagine the long-term future usage of the gift.

A 2016 study concluded that:

Given the widespread nature of giver-recipient mismatches, how can givers choose better gifts?

The obvious answer is that givers should choose gifts based on how valuable they will be to the recipient throughout his or her ownership of the gift, rather than how good a gift will seem when the recipient opens it.

Now for the obligatory TED lecture

The good news is that giving is good for you, however much you spend, as this video from TED explains:

This makes me think maybe I should have created one of those Donate to Monevator buttons that people have asked about for years…

I could have made some of you happy, and done ourselves a favour along the way!

Save money buying gifts

The message from academia is clear. Money doesn’t count for much when giving gifts, but thought and motivation matters.

Some suggestions:

  • Don’t feel guilty about setting a gift budget. You have to live within your means.
  • Put more time into choosing a gift the recipient will really like.
  • If you believe you haven’t got enough time to shop for something special and so instead you’re reaching for a thermonuclear price tag to get you off the hook, think about how long it’d take you to earn the money you’re about to spend. This process you should ‘buy’ you several hours at least, and a cheaper and more appreciated present.
  • Try to make something happen – an experience or a one-off event – if you really want your gift to be remembered.

Finally, if any of my friends or family are reading and thinking “poppycock!”, then please know you’re welcome to stick to buying more expensive gifts – and that I’ve been lusting over this copper-finished Hotel Chocolat Velvetiser hot chocolate machine all year!

Happy giving.

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Free financial advice: where to get help when you need it

Free financial advice: where to get help when you need it post image

Where can you go for quality, free financial advice when you, a relative, or friend needs help with a big decision?

Money worries blight all of our lives at times, but it can be difficult to know where to turn when you have to deal with an unfamiliar financial challenge or emergency.

You might be an investing whizz but have very little practical experience in dealing with long-term care issues for a close family member, for example.

  • Who can you trust?
  • Where do you go for reliable information so that, even if you can pay for some help, you know that you’re receiving good advice?
  • How do you avoid being scammed, fobbed off, or taken for a ride?

Below are sources of financial advice that I’ve found to be genuinely useful over the years, or else are widely considered to be a go-to frontline service for money-related problems.

Where can I find free financial advice?

The Money Helper Service (it used to be called Money Advice) is a national treasure when it comes to straightforward, free advice on most aspects of financial life. Go there for a 101 on pensions, long-term care, debt, redundancy, self-employment, housing, benefits, illness, disability, death, and divorce.

The Money Helper Service is a government-backed initiative.

I supplement and corroborate the Money Helper Service by also checking Citizens Advice and GOV.UK.

Inevitably you get a better handle on the issues by cross-checking multiple sources. This is also a good way of discovering wrinkles you’ll need to think about – or ask for more advice on – as you trim your decision tree.

It’s generally a good sign, too, when government, charities, professional bodies, and journalistic sources are all in agreement about the basic facts.

Free independent financial advice

Sooner or later many people need the help of a financial advisor to help them deal with complicated issues such as tax planning, estate planning, equity release, or defined benefit pension transfer.

Some financial advisors offer a free initial consultation. Obviously that’s no guarantee of quality – and it’s offered as a prelude to paid engagement – but at least it enables you to size up a few firms.

A number of unions have partnered with financial advisors to offer a free consultation. You’ll find some advisors make that available to anyone, regardless of affiliation. A Google search will reveal more.

Financial advisor comparison sites

More generally, there are free financial advisor match-making services.

Unbiased.co.uk pairs you with financial advisors, accountants, and mortgage brokers. It says its database will match you with an advisor who is independent, regulated, and qualified.

Vouchedfor.co.uk hooks you up with financial advisors, accountants, solicitors, and mortgage brokers. Vouched For includes reviews but you’ll need to check your advisor is independent. The site checks for qualifications and regulation.

Financial planner professional bodies

The Chartered Institute for Securities & Investment (CISI) administers qualifications for UK independent financial advisors (IFAs). Use its tool to search for advisors by postcode.

The Personal Finance Society (PFS) also enables you to search their membership for an advisor near you. Its tool includes a specialism function. The PFS is part of the Chartered Insurance Institute Group.

Later life specialists

The Society Of Later Life Advisors (SOLLA) enables you to search for a financial advisor who specialises in the domains of retirement planning, equity release, long-term care, inheritance tax planning, wills, and probate.

The Money Helper Service maintains a retirement advisor directory. These cover much the same specialisms as SOLLA and are regulated, but are not necessarily independent.

Note: no matter who you deal with, always check whether your financial advisor is independent. If they are restricted, check they’re restricted by their specialism, not because they are tied to particular product providers. And make sure you understand how much your IFA charges.

The Financial Services Register

Before you do business with any financial firm, check its bona fides on the Financial Services Register. This is your first port-of-call to ensure that you’re working with someone who is authorised to offer the services they’re advertising in the UK, and who is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority or the Prudential Regulation Authority.

The regulators also maintain a list of black hats you may not wish to work with.

If you hope to be covered by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) then it’s essential you check your provider is UK regulated and also authorised to provide a service covered by the scheme.

There are FSCS loopholes that are likely to affect many Monevator readers.

Free financial dispute resolution

The Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS) offers free financial dispute resolution that enables you to seek redress against financial firms without going to court. The FOS handles consumer complaints involving bank, insurance, mortgage, financial advice, pensions, loan, and credit products.

You must be in dispute with a regulated firm to bring the FOS into play. You must have exhausted the firm’s internal complaints procedure first.

Happily, the FOS is independent, its rulings are legally enforceable, and it doesn’t preclude you going to court if you’re still dissatisfied.

There is also a Pensions Ombudsman, even though the FOS does handle some pension disputes.

Free pensions advice

If you have a defined contribution pension then you are entitled to a free appointment to talk through your options with a specialist from Pension Wise. You qualify for this service if you’re over 50-years old.

Pension Wise is also a good source of straightforward articles that guide you through the maze of pension complexity.

The Pensions Advisory Service offers general pension advice. You can contact it directly by phone and web chat to talk through your pension questions – although it does not provide financial advice.

Pension Wise and The Pensions Advisory Service fall under the auspices of The Money and Pensions Service (MaPS), which is sponsored by the Department for Work and Pensions. The MaPS also runs The Money Advice Service.

Free tax help

Ever found the tax system baffling? The Low Incomes Tax Reform Group (LITRG) is a wonderful resource featuring tax guides that won’t give you a banging headache.

The LITRG resources have been put together with genuine care by the Chartered Institute of Taxation (CIOT) – a trade body for UK tax professionals.

If you want help finding a paid tax professional then use CIOT’s ((The Association of Taxation Technicians are in on the tool, too.)) find a member tool. You can search by tax specialism and location.

TaxAid have compiled some tips on choosing a tax advisor to make things a little easier.

Free tax help for those on lower incomes

TaxAid is a charity that helps people understand the tax system, pay the right amount of tax, and appeal unfair tax demands. Call its helpline if you need tax assistance and you earn less than £20,000 per year.

TaxAid is run and staffed by tax professionals.

Tax Help for Older People is similar to TaxAid but is specifically geared towards assisting the over-60s who earn less than £20,000 per year.

You can get tax advice from volunteer tax professionals including retired HMRC staff. Find out how they can help you or call them on 01308 488066.

Free debt advice

Thankfully there are a number of organisations dedicated to helping anyone worried about debt or bankruptcy.

The National Debtline provides free advice and resources for anyone in England, Wales and Scotland. It’s run by the Money Advice Trust.

Business Debtline is a sister service aimed at the self-employed and small businesses.

Go to AdviceNI for debt advice tailored for people living in Northern Ireland. (AdviceNI also helps with benefits and tax credits.)

You can find more online, telephone, and face-to-face debt help via the Money Helper Service resources page.

Debt advice, but also free guidance on other social issues

The following organisations can help you with debt, but they also cover many other life challenges including benefits, tax credits, council tax, social care, employment and redundancy, housing, and homelessness:

Free housing advice

Shelter is the leading charity for advice on housing issues including eviction, repossession, renting, deposits, benefits, and homelessness, if you live in Scotland, Wales, or England.

Go to Housing Advice NI if you live in Northern Ireland.

Free consumer rights advice

Most people will be familiar with these sources but I think that Which, ((Obviously Which isn’t entirely free but it has lots of quality information outside its paywall. Moreover, good organisations need to make a living to maintain their service.)) Money Saving Expert and Citizens Advice are hard to beat when it comes to your consumer rights.

Free investing ideas

You could do a lot worse than browsing the articles at Monevator’s Passive Investing HQ. (Though it makes us blush to say it.)

Finally, the best two pieces of financial advice I ever got were:

You can have those for free!

Please let us know your favourite sources of free financial advice in the comments below. That way we’ll build up this resource using the wisdom of the Monevator crowd.

Take it steady,

The Accumulator

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